The first factor was “red”.

The upper most panel shows the factor loading (ordinate) of each color name (abscissa). The number on the abscissa, from 1 to 32, shows the sequence of the test words as listed in Table 1. The terms Chi, Hong, Zhu, Zhe, Dan and Xie (赤,紅,朱,赭,丹,血) had high loading on this factor. The lower panels each shows the frequency distribution on WCS charts of one of the highly loaded term. The numbers 1 to 8 on the left of WCS charts are lightness value, equivalent to the B through I indexes of a typical WCS chart [17], and the numbers at the bottom (1 to 40) indicate hues, as shown in Fig 1. The color scale on the right of each chart represents the summed frequency of sample selections.